NPTE Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) Practice Exam

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• Which muscles are primarily responsible for trunk flexion?
• What is the primary role of the amygdala?
• What type of joint is the talocrural joint?
• What are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus?
• How long does the pre-prosthetic phase of rehabilitation typically last?
• Trendelenburg gait is primarily caused by weakness in which muscle?
• Circumduction gait is often utilized to compensate for which of the following?
• Which ligament forms a "roof" over the humeral head?
• Which muscle is NOT involved in shoulder flexion?
• What is the second phase of swing in gait?
• What does a protective gait pattern, termed antalgic gait, primarily aim to do?
• What type of joint is the elbow classified as?
• A-delta fibers are responsible for transmitting which type of pain?
• Which of the thoracic vertebrae have articular facets on each transverse process for rib articulation?
• Which of the following is not a function of orthotics?
• Which structures contribute to the stability of the knee joint?
• What are the two main components of intervertebral disks?
• What do intervertebral joints consist of?
• Which muscles are associated with horizontal abduction of the shoulder?
• How does the sagittal plane divide the body?
• Which muscles assist in hip adduction?
• What is the range of motion (ROM) requirement for normal hip flexion during gait?
• What are the Zygapophyseal joints also known as?
• What is the role of the subthalamus?
• What does the socket of a prosthesis do?
• What action do the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor muscles contribute to?
• What is the total average degrees of pelvic rotation during gait for an adult?
• Which lever is represented by a wheelbarrow?
• What defines the single support phase in a gait cycle?
• What does a score of 2/5 in manual muscle testing correspond to?
• What is the percentage of the stance phase in the gait cycle?
• What ligament acts as the primary support for the sternoclavicular joint?
• What structures are contained within the cubital fossa?
• What is the primary function of the scapula in relation to the shoulder?
• What is indicated by a score of 3/5 in manual muscle testing?
• In the tibiofemoral joint, which part is convex and which is concave?
• Which characteristic best describes class 2 levers?
• How is the function of a muscle affected by active insufficiency?
• Which muscles are responsible for scapula depression?
• Which condition would likely affect the iliolumbar ligament first during lumbosacral decompensation?
• What is the primary function of the interspinous ligaments?
• C-fibers primarily transmit what type of pain sensation?
• What component is included in the structure of the rotator interval?
• What are common causes of amputations?
• Which of the following structures does NOT articulate with the ribs?
• What does the transverse humeral ligament maintain?
• What type of joint surfaces do the midcarpal joints have?
• What motion is primarily allowed by the atlanto-occipital joint?
• What is a halo vest orthotic primarily used for?
• What is a key characteristic of the annular ligament?
• What is the significance of the interosseous membrane in the arm?
• Where is the hippocampus located in the brain?
• What motions are possible at the talocrural joint?
• What is a key function of the cerebellum in the hindbrain?
• How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?
• Which muscles are primarily responsible for plantarflexion?
• Which muscles contribute to hip abduction?
• What muscles comprise the borders of the anatomical snuffbox?
• What type of muscle activity primarily engages the anaerobic glycolytic system?
• What are zygapophyseal joints?
• What is active insufficiency?
• What does the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) prevent?
• A score of 4/5 in manual muscle testing is characterized by which description?
• What type of physical activity would most likely require the use of the ATP-PC energy system?
• How do corsets assist in managing back pain?
• Which muscles are involved in horizontal adduction at the shoulder?
• What does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?
• Which muscle is NOT involved in plantarflexion?
• Which muscles are primarily responsible for cervical flexion?
• What are the three fat pads located in the knee?
• What are the two primary articulations of the knee joint?
• Which section of the body do the brachial plexus nerves innervate?
• What is the distal joint surface of the hip joint?
• What is the primary function of the acromioclavicular joint?
• What does the coccyx articulate with?
• What does a score of 5/5 in manual muscle testing indicate?
• For which purpose would a corset be most appropriately used?
• What role do menisci play in the knee joint?
• What percentage of the gait cycle is constituted by the swing phase?
• What does the joint capsule of the shoulder blend with?
• What type of joint is a fibrous joint?
• What is the primary function of the MCL in the knee?
• Which energy system is primarily used for ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercises, such as a 100 meter sprint?
• What part of the brain is encompassed by the cerebrum?
• What is the division of the body by the transverse plane?
• How many vertebrae compose the thoracic spine?
• What does the PCL prevent in the knee?
• What role does the patella play in the knee joint?
• Interspinous ligaments serve to limit which motion during spinal movements?
• Which structures make up the basal ganglia?
• What structure runs through the Tunnel of Guyon, potentially leading to ulnar tunnel syndrome if compressed?
• What is the main function of the annular ligament?
• What does the subacromial bursa protect?
• Which muscles are involved in scapula downward rotation?
• What is the recommended initial wear schedule for a prosthesis?
• What is the outer surface of the cerebrum referred to as?
• What type of lever is most commonly found in the body?
• Which muscles facilitate shoulder abduction?
• How long will the aerobic system provide energy for physical activity?
• What structure helps prevent the sacrum from moving anteriorly during weight bearing?
• Which thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs?
• What does "sunsetting" of the eyes refer to?
• What is the main function of the interspinous ligaments?
• What is the average cadance for an adult during walking?
• What occurs to intervertebral foramina during flexion?
• What occurs to double support time as walking speed decreases?
• What is a common method for inspecting skin integrity in a prosthetic wear schedule?
• What is the primary function of the muscle spindle?
• In manual muscle testing, what does a score of 0/5 indicate?
• Which muscle group is primarily involved in scapular downward rotation?
• Flexibility in which joint contributes primarily to the motions of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?
• Which structures make up the hindbrain?
• What type of joint is formed by the glenohumeral joint?
• What is a notable feature of liners used in prosthetics?
• For what primary purpose is a parapodium used?
• Which of the following structures make up the scapulothoracic articulation?
• What important function does the basal ganglia serve in motor control?
• What is the primary role of the intervertebral foramina?
• Which energy system is predominantly used during low-intensity, long duration exercise, such as running a marathon?
• What is a common consequence of direct trauma to the olecranon bursa?
• What is the knee extension requirement for normal gait?
• What is the primary function of the thalamus in the brain?
• What type of joint is typically characterized by minimal movement?
• What are the three types of glenohumeral ligaments?
• Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in hip flexion?
• Which phase of gait is characterized by both feet being on the ground?
• What is the primary function of the gluteus medius muscle?
• What does a score of 1/5 in manual muscle testing refer to?
• Which of the following accurately describes ataxic gait?
• What is a primary role of the coracohumeral ligament?
• What is the primary function of the tibialis posterior muscle?
• How do the lumbar vertebrae differ from cervical vertebrae?
• With knee extension, in which direction does the patella slide?
• What movement does the interosseous sacroiliac ligament primarily resist?
• What can excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain lead to?
• What is the function of the coracoacromial ligaments?
• What type of tissue primarily composes the annulus fibrosus?
• During which type of exercise would the lactic acid typically begin to accumulate?
• What characterizes a class 1 lever?
• Which energy system tends to deplete the quickest during high intensity exercises?
• What could result in an antalgic gait pattern?
• What is the primary function of the epithalamus?
• What exits the spinal canal via the intervertebral foramina?
• What is the average step length for an adult?
• What type of movement is allowed by cartilaginous joints?
• What substance is formed as a byproduct of the anaerobic glycolytic system?
• Which muscles are responsible for medial rotation at the shoulder?
• What is one function of the upper trapezius muscle?
• What defines the anatomical snuffbox?
• How many degrees of freedom does the knee joint typically have?
• What does the triangular fibrocartilage complex connect?
• What condition is a Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (HKAFO) typically used to address?
• What are the primary muscles responsible for eversion of the foot?
• Where does the coracoclavicular ligament attach?
• What type of amputation is more common and often results from vascular disease?
• Which muscle group is primarily responsible for stabilization of the shoulder joint?
• Which term refers to the first phase of the stance phase according to the Rancho classifications?
• What is the primary purpose of prosthetic socks?
• What is the primary mechanism by which a reciprocating gait orthosis functions?
• What is the primary function of the hippocampus?
• Which muscles are involved in shoulder adduction?
• Where does the iliolumbar ligament originate?
• How frequently does Medicare support the replacement of a prosthesis?
• What is the average distance for a base of support during adult gait?
• What are plicae in the knee?
• How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human spine?
• What phase follows the pre-prosthetic period in rehabilitation?
• Which of the following is a symptom of hydrocephalus?
• Where is the retrocalcaneal bursa located?
• What muscles are involved in cervical extension?
• Where does the interosseous membrane of the arm run?
• What does the medulla control?
• What function is primarily associated with the left hemisphere of the brain?
• What kind of movement does the hyoid bone principally allow?
• What is the average degree of toe-out for an adult?
• What role does the iliopsoas play in hip movement?
• What is the location of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament?
• Where is the pes anserine located and which muscles insert there?
• Which muscles are primarily responsible for hip flexion?
• Which muscles are primarily involved in lateral/external rotation of the hip?
• Which muscles are involved in shoulder extension?
• What motion does the ligamentum nuchae primarily restrict?
• What constitutes the knee hinge joint?
• What anatomical feature surrounds the shoulder joint?
• Which condition involves inflammation of the meninges?
• For how long does the ATP-PC system provide energy for muscle contraction?
• What is the purpose of a heel lift in orthotic management?
• Which of the following describes the heel strike phase in gait?
• What condition is characterized by excess fluid in the spinal cord?
• Which structure does the median nerve pass through to enter the palm?
• What type of information does the dorsal root send to the central nervous system?
• Which structures form the Zygapophyseal joints?
• What is a primary function of the pons?
• What are common symptoms of meningitis?
• What does the term "phantom limb" refer to?
• In terms of energy production, what is primarily utilized in aerobic exercise?
• Which muscles are primarily responsible for knee flexion?
• Which bursa protects the supraspinatus muscle tendon?
• What does the Golgi Tendon Organ sense?
• What is the primary role of pelvic rotation during gait?
• What muscles contribute to cervical rotation and lateral bending?
• What are the midcarpal joints situated between?
• Which muscles are primarily involved in scapula elevation?
• What structure divides the cerebrum into two parts?
• What is the purpose of the extensor retinaculum?
• What are the reinacula of the knee?
• Which three bones make up the knee joint?
• Which characteristic is typical of an equine gait?
• What is stride length defined as?
• How does the size of the intervertebral foramina change with spinal flexion?
• What sensation does a patient experience in phantom limb syndrome?
• What are the five phases of the stance phase in gait?
• Which muscle group is responsible for hip adduction?
• Which energy system serves as a major supplier of ATP during high intensity, short duration activities like a 400 or 800 meter sprint?
• What is the glenohumeral joint primarily responsible for?
• Which muscles are primarily involved in medial/internal rotation of the hip?
• Which muscles contribute to trunk rotation and lateral bending?
• Which three bones constitute the elbow joint?
• What is an important characteristic of orthotic devices?
• What are the Rancho terms for the swing phase?
• What does circumduction gait involve?
• Where are the acromioclavicular (AC) ligaments located?
• What is the distal tibiofibular joint?
• Where is the olecranon bursa located?
• What defines the swing phase of the gait cycle?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscle spindle?
• In a clinical context, what does an ataxic gait usually indicate?
• What muscles are primarily responsible for hip extension?
• Which muscle action can result in passive insufficiency?
• Which muscles are responsible for scapular retraction?
• What is the purpose of the visual analogue scale?
• What characterizes the plantar fascia?
• What muscles are involved in trunk extension?
• What are the meninges?
• What is the purpose of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
• What muscles facilitate upward rotation of the scapula?
• What is the function of the subscapular bursa?
• What is the main purpose of an orthotic device?
• How is step length defined in the context of gait?
• How is the acetabulum oriented?
• What is the purpose of a TLSO?
• What is the function of the basal ganglia?
• What is the primary action of the gluteus maximus muscle?
• In which manner does the frontal plane divide the body?
• Cerebellar gait is typically associated with which condition?
• What is the goal of the Milwaukee orthosis?
• What is the role of the Achilles tendon in the context of the foot?
• What is the rotator interval of the shoulder defined by?
• What is the subtalar joint responsible for?
• What does the Taylor brace limit?
• What is the purpose of the ligamentum flavum?
• Which description best fits the equine gait?
• How is passive insufficiency defined?
• Which orthotic device is most likely used to provide support to a shoulder injury?
• What is the talocrural joint made up of?
• Which statement best describes synovial joints?
• What type of messages does the ventral root carry?
• What type of joint is the knee?
• What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?
• What is the function of the deltoid ligament in the ankle?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of the right hemisphere of the brain?
• Which muscles are primarily responsible for shoulder flexion?
• Which muscles are involved in the inversion movement of the foot?
• What forms the intervertebral joints of the thoracolumbar spine?
• Which muscles perform lateral rotation at the shoulder?
• What does the glenoid labrum increase?
• What is a key feature of a class 3 lever?
• Which structures make up the acromioclavicular joint?
• What does "end feel" refer to in manual muscle testing (MMT)?
• Which ligaments compose the coracoclavicular ligament?
• What allows for the unique movement of the shoulder joint?
• What does abnormal end feel indicate in a joint?
• How long does the anaerobic glycolytic system last during muscle contraction?
• Which muscles are primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?
• What muscles are involved in scapular protraction?
• What is the function of the glenoid labrum?
• What are the components that form the sternoclavicular joint?
• Which muscles are primarily responsible for knee extension?
• Where are the interspinous ligaments located?
• What joint allows for a combination of movements between the clavicle and scapula?
• Which orthotic is designed to help with scoliosis?
• Which sacroiliac ligament is considered the weakest?
• Which fat pad is most commonly affected and can lead to anterior knee pain?
• What is a common feature of the cerebellar gait?
• Which symptom is NOT associated with meningitis?
• Which joint surface is the proximal surface of the hip joint?
• How many times does the double support phase occur during the gait cycle?
• What is the primary function of the stance phase in walking?
• What is the most common design for a transfemoral (above-knee) prosthesis?
• Where does the costoclavicular ligament attach?